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Rise and Demise of Small Businesses There are small ones and there are large ones, some come into existence and survive while others perish in a matter of small time, some are taken over by the bigger fish in the pond and some swim alone facing the tides of competition. The handling of commerce in [...]
Hedging is basically a position acquired by one to offset the exposure to price fluctuation and thus, reduce the risk involved. Futures contracts are the most commonly used instruments for hedging. Futures are standardized contracts between two parties for the future delivery of a specified asset (specified quality and quantity) at a price which is [...]
Last year, India introduced a symbol for the Indian National Rupee (INR) amidst a lot of criticism and praise. Not only did the new symbol give our currency a new meaning and essence but also added it to the series of globally recognised currencies. INR today shares space with currencies like dollar, pound, yen, euro [...]
What is ECGC? Acronym of – Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India Limited An export promotion organization in India. Established in the year 1957 by the Government of India to strengthen the export promotion drive by covering the risk of exporting on credit. Functions under – The administrative control of the Ministry of Commerce & [...]
MUMBAI: State Bank of India (SBI) has asked Vodafone for cash and cash equivalent against guarantee sought by the telecom company for depositing with the Supreme Court in its case against the income-tax department. The country's largest lender has also said that it is not in favour of a counter guarantee from foreign banks as [...]
Meaning Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has decided to introduce a Scheme namely, "Easy Exit Scheme, 2011″ under Section 560 of the Companies Act, 1956. To give an opportunity to the defunct companies, for getting their names struck off from the Register of Companies. A large number of companies availed this scheme. However, on huge demands [...]
560. Power of Registrar to strike defunct company off register. (1) Where the Registrar has reasonable cause to believe that a company is not carrying on business or in operation, he shall send to the company by post a letter inquiring whether the company is carrying on business or in operation. (2) If the Registrar [...]
– A digital signature (not to be confused with a digital certificate) is an electronic signature that can be used to authenticate the identity of the sender of a message or the signer of a document, and possibly to ensure that the original content of the message or document that has been sent is unchanged. Digital [...]
MEANING: A Carbon Credit is a generic term for any tradable certificate or permit representing the right to emit one tonne of carbon or carbon dioxide equivalent. BACKGROUND: The reasons for the emergence of "Carbon Credits" lies in the increasing awareness among nations of the climate changes in the recent years. In a simple manner we [...]
WHAT IS FCPA? The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA) is a United States federal law known primarily for two of its main provisions, one that addresses accounting transparency requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and another concerning bribery of officials. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) was signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on December [...]
It is a valuation method for various securities in the books of account of a business entity. According to this method, the security portfolio of the entity is linked to market prices. From a bank's perspective, the regulator prescribes the percentage of portfolio that can be 'mark-to-market'. 'Mark-to-market' norms came into existence after the financial [...]
The geopolitical nature of climate change has focused on institutional arrangements to dilute commitments of developed countries in three different tracks. They are: Negotiations around the Kyoto Protocol saw developed countries shift the focus to flows from stocks of carbon with offsets reducing the costs of measures. Consequently, the total amount of surplus emissions credits, [...]
An Exchange Traded Fund is an index-based investment (or sometimes other underlying asset) whose performance is based on its correlating index. A fund that tracks an index, but can be traded like a stock. ETFs always bundle together the securities that are in an index. Investors can do just about anything with an ETF that [...]
LAST year, the government dismantled the administered price mechanism for petroleum products. It deregulated the price of petrol, but stopped short of doing the same in the case of diesel and cooking gas, saying higher prices of these fuels could hit the poorer sections of the society. The government continues to pay huge amounts as [...]
Citi – Citi Bang Bang Scam Sham Citibank is an international bank and is the banking arm of Citi group, a major financial service provider. It was founded in 1812 in New York, USA. But recently, Citi bank is catching a lot of lime light all thanks to its Gurgaon branch. In India, Citi bank, [...]
Roaming charges paid by one service provider to another are not liable for deduction of tax at source, according to a recent ruling by Income-tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT), Mumbai. National roaming charge is a specific charge paid by a subscriber of a cellular network to gain access to services of any other network operator in [...]
The Indian economy has been surging at an 8.9% pace for the past three quarters, but top economists who have been interviewed, believe that the economy will slowdown in 2011. High inflation, fiscal deficit and current account deficits will constrain the economy. Finance minister Pranab Mukherjee has repeatedly asserted that India's 8.9% GDP record in [...]
Meaning of Credit Score/Rating A credit rating is a numerical expression based on a statistical analysis of a person's credit files, to represent the creditworthiness of that person. A credit rating is primarily based on credit report information typically sourced from credit bureaus . The credit report is based on a set of criteria that includes [...]
Treasury Stock A treasury stock or reacquired stock is stock which is bought back by the issuing company, reducing the amount of outstanding stock on the open market ("open market" including insiders' holdings). Stock repurchases are often used as a tax-efficient method to put cash into shareholders' hands, rather than paying dividends. Sometimes, companies do [...]
Lately, FITLs have gained a new place in the corporate world. So, let's take a look on what is a FITL, how did it emerge, what is its future, etc: Meaning: FITL is a kind of extension of the Existing Loan Period by extending another loan for the repayment of the existing loan (both principal [...]
The Reserve Bank of India released a technical paper on inflation-indexed bonds earlier this month for public comments. KC looks at the concept. What are bonds? Bonds are fixed income securities or financial instrument through which an investor loans money to an entity in return for a periodic interest payments (coupon) and repayment of the [...]
WikiLeaks is an international new media non-profit organization that publishes submissions of otherwise unavailable documents from anonymous news sources and leaks and other information to the public worldwide. Its website, launched in 2006, is run by The Sunshine Press. Its founder is Julian Assange. Within a year of its launch, the site claimed a database [...]
First let us see What is Anti Dumping Duty? The purpose of levying Anti-Dumping Duty on imported goods is to maintain a level playing field and prevent domestic industry from dumping of goods from outside market, while allowing healthy competition. Dumping is a well known method of UNFAIR COMPETITION which is adopted by foreign companies. [...]
Income tax department has directed it to get its accounts audited for assessment years 2002/03 and 2007/08. In August, Mahindra Satyam announced its first earnings results in nearly two years after a massive false accounting scandal that threatened its future. FY-10 total sales stood at Rs 5481 crore. The company suffered a loss of Rs [...]
194J. (1) Any person, not being an individual or a Hindu undivided family, who is responsible for paying to a resident any sum by way of— (a) fees for professional services, or (b) fees for technical services, shall, at the time of credit of such sum to the account of the payee or at the [...]
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